HRR - Gap - B1: a) Is there an increased lifetime risk of fragility fractures/osteoporosis in astronauts (Merged with Osteo 2); b) is bone strength completely recovered post-flight (merged with Osteo 3), and does BMD reflect it (Closed); c) what are the risk factors for poor recovery of BMD/bone strength? (Merged with Osteo 4)

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B1: a) Is there an increased lifetime risk of fragility fractures/osteoporosis in astronauts (Merged with Osteo 2); b) is bone strength completely recovered post-flight (merged with Osteo 3), and does BMD reflect it (Closed); c) what are the risk factors for poor recovery of BMD/bone strength? (Merged with Osteo 4)

This Gap was split into the following Gaps:

Osteo 1: A new acceptable bone health standard using an expanded surrogate for bone health needs to be defined for the flight environment.

Osteo 4: We don't know the contribution of each risk factor on bone loss and recovery of bone strength, and which factors are the best targets for countermeasure application.

Osteo 3: We need a validated clinically relevant method for assessing the effect of spaceflight on osteoporosis or fracture risk in long-duration astronauts.

Osteo 2: What is the incidence & prevalence of early onset osteoporosis or fragility fractures due to exposure to spaceflight.

Split Rationale

No rationale available.

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