HRR - Gap - Team Gap 1: We need to understand the key threats, indicators, and evolution of the team throughout its life cycle for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

NASA Logo Human Research Roadmap HRP Exploration Data

Evidence Risks Gaps Tasks Reports

Explore Search

- Risks
  - Team
- Tasks

Team Gap 1: We need to understand the key threats, indicators, and evolution of the team throughout its life cycle for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Content in this Gap was merged from 1 other Gap

Last Published: 07/31/19 10:05:30 AM (Central)

Responsible Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance (HFBP)

Status: Open

Description

a) Initial state

Current research examines team function and performance from a static perspective (based on task outcomes, or results at a particular point in time); we know very little about what teams look like, how they function over time, and what key indicators explain and characterize most (greater than or equal to 30%) of the variation in team performance. To characterize the TEAM risk of performance decrements for exploration missions, a far more comprehensive understanding of high performing teams is needed. This gap aims to determine the major contributing factors to team function and performance over different durations that correspond to future autonomous exploration missions. An Earth baseline will be established utilizing ground analogs for various durations (e.g., <6; 6-12; >12 months).

b) Target for Closure

Identified set of key indicators of team function specific to ICE environments for three mission profiles, including missions over 12 months and greater distance. Feasibility of a Team Model will be determined based on key indicators and quantified variances:

(1) Identifying key contributors of team function specific to ICE environments based on the amount of variance for different duration missions (<6 months; 6-12 months; >12 months) [this serves as the Earth baseline]; and (2) Quantifying each contributor’s level of impact to the outcome for each mission duration.

c) Metrics for interim progress

(1) Review status of what is known regarding dynamics and key contributors (moderating or mediating factors) of team functioning over various duration ICE environments, then validate with BHPWG (30%); (2) Solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments (50%); (3) Develop report on recommendations for research regarding team dynamics over autonomous long duration exploration missions, and for development of a team model (update as needed upon completion of research studies and as information about mission scenarios is further defined) (20%).

d) Approach

This gap will take ~ 8 years to close. We will begin with examining current tasks utilizing key metrics to understand team function in different duration missions (Stuster, Kozlowski) and solicit studies to systematically fill the gap by having between 5-12 key indicators of team function in ICE environments identified and categorized by mission durations and distance. We will utilize SMEs and factor analyses (when feasible) to finalize the set of indicators, derive Earth baselines, assess feasibility of a TEAM model.

Target for Closure

No Target for Closure available.

Mappings

Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team

Team Gap 1: We need to understand the key threats, indicators, and evolution of the team throughout its life cycle for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Active

SCALE: Shared Cognitive Architectures for Long-term Exploration

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: DeChurch, Leslie

Short Title: SCALE: Shared Mental Models

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
This research seeks to:
1. Develop a computational model of shared cognitive architectures (SCA) that accounts for
the role of the conceptual aspects of long duration space exploration (LDSE), the antecedents of SCA (e.g. team member characteristics, contextual factors, interventions), and consequences of SCA (e.g. norms, coordination, performance)
2. Devise and test a dashboard to unobtrusively identify and predict shifts in SCA that indicate increased risks, using data captured in meta-analysis, historiometric analysis, text analysis, virtual experiments, and a series of studies conducted in settings analogous to LDSE.
3. Develop and validate countermeasures based on dashboard predictions (e.g., composition and training of members of the space exploration multiteam system, including crew members, ground control, and other key boundary spanners).

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Final report providing evidence on the shifts that occur in team mental models over time and their effects on team performance. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.
Mission Operations is the customer, including the Mission Planners.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
Protocol for maintaining team mental models over time in order to maintain and/or improve team performance on long duration exploration missions. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.
Mission Operations is the customer, including the Mission Planners.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

A Multi-faceted Approach to Examine Team Adaptation & Resilience within Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Tannenbaum, Scott

Short Title: Team Adaptation & Resilience

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
This research directly tackles the needs in the research road map by categorizing and quantifying environmental challenges or triggers (i.e., threats) that create a need for adaptation; examining how teams adapt (i.e., adjusting their team and taskwork processes) or fail to adapt in response to such challenges; and clarifying how specific types of team adaptations affect team performance, resilience, and well-being.

The research team will examine these relationships first using archival data from HERA and then by conducting a longitudinal empirical study of Saturation Dive (SAT) teams operating in isolated, confined and dangerous
conditions for 28-day periods – an environment with tremendous similarities to those that future
space crews will face.

They will also develop and test one or more countermeasures, first with the SAT teams and then in an empirical usability study with teams in a NASA analog environment. Collectively, this series of studies will help clarify key risks (adaptation triggers), improve NASA’s understanding of team adaptation dynamics, produce one or more validated countermeasures for enhancing team adaptation, and offer recommendations for composing and
preparing highly adaptive crews.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report with critical factors for team adaptation and resilience in long-duration spaceflight.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
Specific countermeasures, materials, and measures, including methods for categorizing
and tracking adaptation triggers and assessing resilience.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Project FUSION: Facilitating Unified Systems of Interdependent Organizational Networks

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Carter, Dorothy

Short Title: Multi-Team System

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Address the following:

What are the key MTS factors related to coordination (planning, execution and review) of teamwork tasks and management of interpersonal conflict, based on work by Shuffler et al. 2015?
What training countermeasure recommendations (e.g. method, content, implementation) and composition recommendations related to improving the coordination among MTS, will be needed to support LDEMs?
What tools and technologies will assist in coordination and communication between the members of the MTS, and between members of the MTS and autonomous processes of the vehicle?

Resources (Ground Analog, Flight)

Deliverables (3)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:

Report explaining the most important MTS factors affecting the performance of the LDEM Multi-Team Systems

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
BHP Ops; MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:

(1) detailed countermeasure toolkit including a validated training countermeasure ready for operational implementation with astronauts and mission controllers, and a validated debriefing protocol;

(2) report that includes specific recommendations for tools and technologies to support inter-team coordination in space MTSs,

(3) composition recommendations based on the results of our simulation and analog studies

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
BHP Ops; MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Computational Models or Simulations

Description:
report including code and documentation needed to utilize our ABM.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
BHP Ops; MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Dynamic Team Role Allocation in Long Duration, Exploration Missions: Identification of Roles, Triggers, and Measurement Tools

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Salas, Eduardo

Short Title: Specialized Roles for Crew Composition

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

The specific aims of this study are to answer the following questions with regard to long duration, exploration missions:

(1) What are the key social and team technical (task) roles which influence team function;

(2) What are the behavioral and communicative markers which can be used to assess the degree to which key identified social and team technical roles are being fulfilled;

(3) What contextual aspects serve to trigger a need for the dynamic shift of social roles;

(4) What are the optimal combinations (i.e., profiles, algorithms) of social roles for the maintenance and regulation of team functions; and

(5) What are the markers that can be used to select for those most likely to fit social profiles and how do these profiles change across the duration of the mission (i.e., the team’s life cycle).

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Facilitating the Synergistic Side of Cultural Diversity in LDSE: Identification of Challenges and Development of Cultural Training

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Burke, Shawn

Short Title: Cultural Diversity in LDSE

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

The primary aims in this effort are:

Focus on examining the critical issues surrounding cultural diversity in LDSE teams. The primary focus for this aim is to build off the work of Burke and Feitosa (2015) to produce a more contextualized framework within which to understand the challenges present in LDSE with respect to cultural diversity and team performance.
Focus on the development of an integrated set of cross-cultural training tools that can be delivered at various mission phases in LDSE. Work in this are focuses on examining:
1. What training strategies, countermeasures, and best practices from the wider literature on cross-cultural teams can be leveraged and adapted for use in LDSE?
2. What are best practices for developing cultural training to facilitate working within a culturally diverse crew in LDSE with respect to the stage of team development and mission lifecycle?
3. How can work on cultural differences in team metaphors be integrated with other best practices to inform the development of cultural training?

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Using Analog Missions to Develop Effective Team Composition Strategies for Long Duration Space Exploration

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Binsted, Kim

Short Title: Team Composition

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Aim 1: Collect, develop, and verify a set of individual, dyad and crew characteristics that are expected (based on past investigations) to be relevant to crew composition.

Aim 2: Identify correlations, if any, between those characteristics and crew function/performance, using data from a series of simulated missions of various lengths at analog sites.

Aim 3: Data mining of all HI-SEAS data (Missions I-V) related to team, composition, including investigation of individual personalities, cognitive function and behavioral health changes, as it influences team performance and functioning in fulfillment of the aims of the Team Composition grant

Aim 4: Develop a database of all HI-SEAS data funded by NASA (including HI-SEAS opportunistic research collaborators).

Aim 5: Develop a set of tools (e.g. rubric, implemented model, best practices) NASA can use to optimize crew composition.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
A set of tools NASA and other agencies can use to improve crew function and performance via optimized crew composition. This could include a crew composition rubric, an implementation (e.g. computer program) of the model developed, a set of best practices for crew composition, crew training strategies, and/or countermeasures for use during a long-duration mission.
Also, the predictive model itself, which could be used to a) compose crews more effectively and b) detect problems during a long duration mission.

Internal Customers:
None External Customers:
Med Ops - Medical Operations
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Study Results
Subcategory: Customer Requested Study or Analysis

Description:
1. Report on the following:
a. The results of the study described in this proposal, showing the effects (if any) of crew composition on performance over a series of mission simulations;
b. The developed predictive model, including the key factors connecting crew composition and crew function/performance on long-duration missions;
c. A set of concrete data-based recommendations for crew composition for long duration missions, including a rubric (or similar) for optimally selecting crew members to best maintain and regulate crew function and performance; and
d. The reliability, validity and impact of the set of tools.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Measuring, Monitoring, and Regulating Teamwork for Long Duration Missions

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Kozlowski, Steve

Short Title: Team Cohesion Validation

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The purpose of this task is to conduct ground validation of the measures and countermeasures developed as part of the study ‘Developing, maintaining, and restoring team cohesion.’ Addresses metric for interim progress (3) solicit studies to verify and validate candidates in ground analogs and assess effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (4)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Final report providing evidence on team cohesion over time in ICE environments and the effects on team performance. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (3) solicit studies to verify and validate candidates in ground analogs and assess effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
Med Ops - Medical Operations
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Systems Solutions, Prototype Hardware or Software

Description:
Prototype team cohesion monitoring tool in the form of a hardware badge for monitoring voice, physical location, and other physical indicators of team interactions. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (3) solicit studies to verify and validate candidates in ground analogs and assess effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Systems Solutions, Prototype Hardware or Software

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
Med Ops - Medical Operations
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Understanding and Preventing Crew Member Task Entrainment

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: LePine, Jeffrey

Short Title: Crew Member Task Entrainment

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
Aim: How long does it take for team members to become entrained in a particular mode of work (independent vs.interdependent tasks)?
A combination of ground- and flight-based experiments intended to identify the causes and consequences of crew member entrainment to independent or interdependent work, and to
develop and test an intervention that will counteract this entrainment. The studies, which are grounded in the research team’s extensive experience with experimental and field based studies of teams, will generate new insights and process improvements that will enable crew members to successfully transition between focused independent work and critical interdependent tasks with minimal switching costs and interpersonal friction.

Additionally, this research team will collaborate and work together with the corresponding research team (Dr. Leslie DeChurch) for the other Team Task Switching project (Functional Work Shifts in Astronaut Crews) for the ISS portion of their tasks.

Resources (Ground Analog, Flight)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Literature review of the effects of team task engagement and related cognitive states (e.g.,
mental models) on effectiveness and the potential for residual engagement to create
problems for teams switching between independent and interdependent tasks.

Operational assessment of the impact of team task engagement (physical, cognitive,
emotional, and social) on team effectiveness as assessed by a variety of criteria including
team task performance, cohesion, and conflict, and team member stress and satisfaction.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Standard
Subcategory: New

Description:
Validated protocol and documentation for a team intervention that will help crews effectively switch between tasks low and high in interdependence.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Team Task Switching in Astronaut Crews on the International Space Station: Integrating Multiteam Membership, Multiteam Systems, Multitasking, & Multidimensional Networks to Monitor & Enable Functional Work Shifts in Astronaut Crews

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: DeChurch, Leslie

Short Title: INERTIA: Functional Work Shifts in Astronaut Crews

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The purpose of the project is to: a) develop a comprehensive understanding of team task switching as an adaptive and vital process in LDSE; and b) provide evidence-based recommendations for countermeasures, team-based interventions, and other psychological and psychosocial factors and measures that can be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of task switching in LDSE.

Additionally, this research team will collaborate and work together with the corresponding research team (Dr. Jeffery LePine) for the other Team Task Switching project (Understanding and Preventing Crew Member Task Entrainment) for the ISS portion of their tasks.

Resources (Ground Analog, Flight)

Deliverables (4)

Category: Requirement
Subcategory: Guidelines/Criteria

Description:
Recommendations for crew composition that maximize crew capability to team task switch.

Recommendations for Crew Training – guidelines for ground-based and ongoing training
that specify the behavioral, cognitive, and motivational instructional objectives that must be
addressed in training, and also the criteria that should be used in training evaluation.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Computational Models or Simulations

Description:
Agent-based Model of Team Task Switching –a validated agent-based model of team task switching. The model can be used to conduct virtual experiments and evaluate various scenarios beyond those directly tested by the current research.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
Countermeasure Protocol – a protocol for using a specific set of unobtrusive measures to
employ one or more specific countermeasures.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Study Results
Subcategory: Customer Requested Study or Analysis

Description:
Evidence based study results.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

CREWS: Crew Recommender for Effective Work in Space

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Contractor, Noshir

Short Title: Crew Recommender

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

The specific aims of this study are:

1. Identify the effects of team composition on team functioning in LDSE and the critical factors of team composition driving this effect.

2. Identify particular patterns of this effect with different team compositions.

3. Identify methods for composing teams for LDSE.

4. Develop a predictive team composition model for use in composing teams and identify potential issues with already composed teams.

5. Provide recommendations for composing teams for LDSE.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Computational Models or Simulations

Description:
Develop an agent-based model of team composition for LDSE based on empirical data linking key model inputs (e.g., individual difference variables, network relational factors, task characteristics) to team functioning (e.g., social integration, team processes, team cohesion, team conflict) in LDSE-relevant contexts.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Study Results
Subcategory: Customer Requested Study or Analysis

Description:
Final report on methods, best practices, technologies, and materials (e.g., selection & team composition recommendations, training) to improve team function and performance through the composition of the team. Also on the validation, reliability, and impact of the predictive team model as well as practical and research recommendations.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

A US-Russian Collaborative Proposal for Data Collection in HERA: The Relationship between Composition, Interpersonal Relations, and Team Effectiveness in Space Crews

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Bell, Suzanne

Short Title: Composition: US-Russia Data Collaboration

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
1) Develop and empirically test an integrative process model of interpersonal relationship formation in ICE.
2) Examine the validity of the Personal Self-Perception and Attitudes (PSPA), which is a standardized measure utilized by the Russians to assess interpersonal compatibility and relations in ICE.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:

(1) Empirical model detailing influence of crewmember differences in attributes and combinations thereof, and interpersonal perceptions on emergence of relational states in ICE

(2) Recommendations for path forward for international research collaboration related to team composition and interpersonal relations in ICE

(3) information to aid decisions regarding types of countermeasures related to team composition in ICE environments (Gap 8);

(4) risk characterization knowledge that may accelerate PRR milestone knowledge informing training content for ICE teams as related to expeditionary exploration skills

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
BHP Ops; MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Study Results
Subcategory: Customer Requested Study or Analysis

Description:
Validation evidence for Russian tool (PSPA) with recommendations for including with NASA’s standardized measures for ICE analog protocols

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
BHP Ops; MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Roma, Peter

Short Title: SHAQ Development and Validation

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
This task is in response to an urgent need to develop and validate a Space Flight Habitability and Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) to assess the behavioral health and performance impacts of volume, layout, and other design features of vehicles and habitats for long-duration exploration spaceflight and other operational environments.

Aim 1: Conduct a review to identify primary constructs and themes relevant to habitability effects on individual and team behavioral health and performance in operational environments.
Aim 2: Develop candidate questionnaire items based on the constructs and themes identified in the literature review and validated against coded videos from the ISS Habitability Study (PI: Greene) and in consultation with Subject Matter Experts.
Aim 3: Empirically assess the initial sensitivity, construct validity, divergent validity, and concurrent validity of SHAQ in HERA C5.
Aim 4: Refine SHAQ based on the results of the HERA validation study.
Aim 5: Draft a NASA Technical Report and/or manuscript for publication that (a) provides the results of SHAQ research and development efforts and (b) offers habitability recommendations for future deep space exploration missions.
Aim 6: Author a SHAQ User Guide for public dissemination providing details on administration, scoring, and data management and interpretation.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (3)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
This task will provide evidence regarding changes in behavioral health and performance, relative to changes in habitable volume, layout, and design, in isolation and confinement. A final report will summarize findings from our experimental protocol in HERA.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Standard
Subcategory: Update

Description:
This task may result in information that could inform a standard in the NASA Habitability Standards 3001 Vol. 2. As an example, standards relative to private crew quarters may be informed in part by the results of this investigation. If applicable, we will update relevant standards.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Informatics

Description:
We will deliver the HERA validated Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) along with an accompanying manual (outlining the psychometric properties of the measure along with considerations for format for delivery).

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

NSCOR for Evaluating Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Adaptation and Resilience to Spaceflight: Emotional Valence and Social Processes in ICC/ICE Environments

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Dinges, David

Short Title: Adaptation and Resilience NSCOR

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The overarching goal of this proposal is to characterize the three less well-understood NIMH RDoC domains related to positive valence, negative valence, and social processes as they relate to the performance, adaptation, and resilience of individuals living and working in ICC/ICE environments. The investigator team will identify predictive indicators and biomarkers for resilience and adaptation in individuals and teams, to aid in astronaut selection and individualized countermeasure development with the goal to maintain and optimize performance capability and behavioral health during long-duration exploration missions (LDEM).

The specific aims of this study are:
Aim 1: Identify and quantify individual differences in adaptation and resilience, key threats to and promoters of mission relevant behavioral health and performance. The investigator team will use components of the RDoC framework to look across individual risk factors in order to identify and validate molecular, circuitry and physiological measures that can be used for monitoring and selection of individuals who are highly resilient to the key behavioral health and performance threats during autonomous, long duration and/or long distance exploration missions.

Aim 1a. Perform a comprehensive literature review of the RDoC framework to identify the units of analysis (e.g., cells, etc.) of the individual risk factors most related to LDEMs and positive valence, negative valence and social processes domains.

Aim 1b. Identify how the risk factors within those three RDoC domains relate to performance outcomes, resiliency, and adaptation in LDEMs.

Aim 2: Identify neural circuits and molecular/cellular mechanisms underlying adaptation and resilience in a rodent model using cross-species equivalency.

Aim 3: Encompasses the biological basis of social support to assess individual sociability and the neurobehavioral contributions to resiliency and/or adaptability of engaging positively in social interactions, tolerance, and awareness (e.g., affiliation, attachment).

Aim 4: Identify how meaningful work mediates the relationship between risk factors, the valence and social process domains, and operational outcomes, as well as direct effects of meaningful work on performance. The intent is to identify a sensitive, reliable, valid, and feasible set of measures for measuring and monitoring meaningfulness of work in spaceflight.

Aim 5: Encompasses the need to identify how positive and negative valence systems impact on psychological well-being and performance when confronted with the adverse conditions found in prolonged space flight. We will identify biomarkers and psychological report measures associated with the effects of well-being on performance and determine their contribution to the positive/negative valence systems involved in individual adaptation and resilience.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (3)

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
Final report summarizing research efforts including: individual risk factors most associated with positive valence, negative valence, and social process domains, and how they relate to performance, adaptation, and resilience. In addition, results aims to include: evidence on how fluctuations in work meaningfulness, changes in the physical environment, the degree of sociability, and other external factors such as food, mediate the relationship between risk factors and outcomes.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
A better understanding of the key threats, indicators, and evolution of the team throughout its life cycle for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions; psychological measures that can be used to select individuals most likely to maintain team function for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions;.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Study Results
Subcategory: Customer Requested Study or Analysis

Description:
Sensitive, reliable, and valid measures that are feasible in the context of spaceflight for assessing relevant constructs including adaptability, emotional regulation, sociability, meaningfulness of work, and personal well-being.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Completed

Risk Assessment – Task Performance, Teamwork, and Psychosocial Performance

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Keeton, Kathryn

Short Title: Risk Assessment – Team Outcomes

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Aims:

1. Review of past and current literature and assessment of operations to ascertain current best practices/policies in relation to three main team outcomes: crew performance, crew cohesion, and crew-ground interaction. This assessment will inform future tasks and gaps within the Team Risk.

2. Provide an evidence based report that includes both relevant ground studies as well as an overview of research collected within NASA to define the most and important and serious threats to the Team Risk.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Examination of Cultural Interactions Using Archival Data Footage on ISS

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Miller, Chris

Short Title: Cultural Interactions Study

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1. Develop a coding methodology and analyze results for cross-cultural interactions that are observed in archival video footage.

2. Visit with BHP team to view sample videos to develop coding strategy

3. Train BHP team to accurately rate interactions that are viewed

4. Analyze data that is received, and create a final report.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Job Analysis

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Job Analysis

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Purpose of this in-house task is to conduct a job analysis for the exploration astronaut. Although design reference missions are still being debated, there are fundamental charactertistics of being an astronaut - the job analysis will begin by focusing on these cross- mission aspects.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Key Contributors to the Maintenance and Regulation of Team Function and Performance on Long Duration Exploration Missions

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Binsted, Kim

Short Title: Long Duration Team Functioning

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the life cycle of teams in long duration isolation and confinement. The study should provide insight into key contributors of team function specific to ICE environments, including level of impact of indicators and new indicators not previously considered.

Resources (Other)

Deliverables (1)

Psychosocial Factors Model Development (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Schmidt, Lacey

Short Title: Psychosocial Model RR

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
1. A literature review examining psychosocial factors related to LDEM.

2. A theoretical model of psychosocial factors related to LDEM will be developed, which shall include a description of weights/loadings across factor relationships outlined in the model and the confidence and evidence for those weights/loadings.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Data mining of Benchmarking Studies (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Bell, Suzanne

Short Title: Team Benchmark RR

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1. A meta-analytic / comprehensive review will be conducted on spaceflight and analog research as related to team factors by identifying analogous populations to spaceflight and reviewing relevant literature in the area of spaceflight and analog research of team factors. This task will involve data mining of existing research findings related to benchmarking team factors to produce an overall picture of the team functioning and performance research from these environments.

2. Final report will summarize the existing evidence on critical team factors in spaceflight and analogous populations as well as provide a list of gaps and research recommendations. Quantitative evidence on these team factors should be provided where available. These recommendations should be listed in priority order. The rational for the priority will also be included in the report along with operational impacts of the findings.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Literature Review and Operational Assessment of Psychosocial Strategies related to BHP

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Nicoletti, John

Short Title: Psychosocial Review

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1. Gather evidence about adaptation that is relevant to team performance and team interactions for pre, during, and post mission.

2. Critically analyze those sources that are relevant and may inform the Team Risk

3. Produce a final report that includes the documentation of the relevant evidence and identifies how this information can be used for future research.

A decision point will follow this task regarding future research recommendations.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Team Risk Standardized Measures Workshop

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: N/A

Short Title: Team Workshop

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Internal

Aims:

We held a workshop inviting subject matter experts, operations personnel, and research personnel to inform and develop a Team Standardized Measure that will feed into Standardized Behavioral Measures for Detecting Behavioral Health Risks during Exploration Missions (Standardized BHP Measures). The overarching goal was to identify and recommend thematically appropriate, scientifically valid, and operationally acceptable BHP Team Risk assessment and characterization measures for inclusion in the SBMT suite.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Palinkas, Lawrence

Short Title: Comm Delay Assessment (Comm Delay ISTAR ISS)

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

The overall aim of the proposed study is to determine whether the communications delays likely to be experienced on a mission to Mars will result in clinically or operationally significant decrements in crew behavior and performance. As a first phase of a planned two-phase investigation, we hope to accomplish the following utilizing analog environments (which are further described below):

Aim 1: Determine the feasibility and acceptability of conducting such a study in ground-based analogs and aboard the International Space Station.

Aim 2: Determine if there is an association between delays in communication experienced during a Mars mission is associated with decrements in individual and crew behavior and performance

Aim 3: Identify confidence intervals for determining range of communication delays to be examined in subsequent ISS increments.

Resources (Flight)

Deliverables (1)

Investigating the Influence of Personality on Performance Within the Astronaut Population

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Musson, David

Short Title: Astronaut Personality Study

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1. Explore the personality-performance relationship for the astronaut population; review personality data and provide a summary of findings to BHP.

2. Assess performance and analyze the impact of personality on performance from that data collected.

3. Final deliverables will include a final report that summarizes findings from research effort as well as objectives met.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Psychosocial Performance Factors in Space Dwelling Groups (PI Roma)

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Roma, Peter

Short Title: Crew Communications Lab Sim

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1. The structure and function of communication channels within and between simulated space-dwelling and Earth-based groups.

2. Factors associated with variations in the behavioral management systems between space-dwelling and Earth-based groups.

3. Factors associated with variations in workloads, stressful time pressure and conflict conditions.

4. Behavioral and psychosocial interaction systems between spaceflight crews and Earth-centered mission support operations that are most likely to influence individual and group performance during long-duration missions.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Macrocognition in Teams: Examining and Developing Team Cognitive Processes and Products in the Context of Long Duration Exploration Missions

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Fiore, Stephen

Short Title: Team Problem Solving

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
This study takes a multidisciplinary approach designed to refine and validate the macrocognition in teams model (MITM) in the context of LDEM and use this as the theoretical foundation to develop and validate training protocols that lead to resilient team cognitive processes. In doing so, the research team takes a multi-pronged approach combining analysis of archival documents and qualitative coding of crew communication in analog environments with new ground-based and analog studies. The goal is to: (1) provide a richer understanding of team cognition and its relation to team performance in space crews and the larger multi-team system and (2) use this understanding to refine and validate training to mitigate decrements in team cognition.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Final report providing evidence on the effects of team cognitive processes on team performance. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.
The customer is Mission Operations, including the Mission Planners.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
Protocol for improving team cognitive processes in order to maintain and/or improve team performance on long duration exploration missions. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.
The customer is Mission Operations, including the Mission Planners.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Investigate shifts in team cognitive processes over time (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Fiore, Steve

Short Title: Team Cognitive Processes (Research Requirements)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The purpose of this task is to inform a study to identify shifts in collective cognition likely to occur during long duration exploration missions and methods to maintain and improve team cognition. Addresses metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Investigate shifts in team motivation and morale over time (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Morgeson, Fred

Short Title: Team Motivation Processes (Research Requirements)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The purpose of this task is to inform a study to identify shifts in motivation and morale likely to occur during long duration exploration missions and methods to maintain and improve motivation/morale. Addresses metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Literature review and operational assessment providing evidence on the effects of team motivation on team performance and well-being. Promotes gap closure by addressing metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.
BHP Ops is the specific customer within Med Ops.

Internal Customers:
None External Customers:
Med Ops - Medical Operations
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Internal Customers:
None External Customers:
MOD - Mission Operations Directorate
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Study of shifts in team shared mental models over long durations (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: DeChurch, Leslie & Magnus, Jessica

Short Title: Shared Mental Models (Research Requirements)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The purpose of this task is to inform a study to identify shifts in team shared mental models likely to occur during long duration exploration missions and methods to maintain a shared mental model over time. Addresses metric for interim progress (2) solicit and implement studies to benchmark team function variations in different long duration ground analog environments.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Growth and Resilience for Long Duration Exploration Missions(RR)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Luthans, Fred

Short Title: Growth and Resilience Review (RR)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The task will incorporate existing resilience reviews of stress population groups including but not limited to the military.This is a research requirements (RR) task, consisting of a literature review and an operational assessment.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Multi-Team System (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Shuffler, Marissa

Short Title: Multi-Team System RR

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
1) Identify the impact of the multi-team system structure currently employed in ISS operations on potential future exploration mission success based on the extant literature.

2) Identify strategies and countermeasures to improve team effectiveness based on the current multi-team system structure employed in ISS operations based on the extant literature.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report identifying the impact of the multi-team system structure currently employed in ISS operations on potential future exploration mission success based on the extant literature.

Internal Customers:
Behavioral Health and Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report identifying strategies and countermeasures to improve team effectiveness based on the current multi-team system structure employed in ISS operations based on the extant literature.

Internal Customers:
Behavioral Health and Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Team Adaptation and Resilience (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Maynard, Travis

Short Title: Team Adaptation and Resilience RR

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
1) Identify potentially critical team-level factors associated with successful adaptation to long-duration spaceflight based on the extant literature.

2) Identify candidate countermeasures to improve team adaptation and resilience for long-duration spaceflight missions based on the extant literature.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report on identified potentially critical team-level factors associated with successful adaptation to long-duration spaceflight based on the extant literature.

Internal Customers:
Behavioral Health and Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report on candidate countermeasures to improve team adaptation and resilience for long-duration spaceflight missions based on the extant literature.

Internal Customers:
Behavioral Health and Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Team NHV (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Kearney, Anne

Short Title: Team NHV RR

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
1) Identify the potential impact of Net Habitable Volume (NHV) and NHV related issues on team functioning in long-duration spaceflight based on the extant literature.

2) Generate candidate NHV recommendations to ensure effective team functioning in long-duration spaceflight based on the extant literature.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report identifying the potential impact of NHV and NHV related issues on team functioning in long-duration spaceflight based on the extant literature.

Internal Customers:
Behavioral Health and Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Report on candidate NHV recommendations to ensure effective team functioning in long-duration spaceflight based on the extant literature.

Internal Customers:
Behavioral Health and Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Team Self - Maintenance (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Diaz Granados, Deborah

Short Title: Team Self - Maintenance (RR)

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
Identify potential countermeasures for team self-maintenance in long duration spaceflight with a focus on maintaining and improving team cohesion and performance based on the extant literature.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

AD ASTRA: Automated Detection of Attitudes and States through Transaction Recordings Analysis

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Miller, Chris

Short Title: AD ASTRA

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1. Evaluate feasibility of assessing verbal and non-verbal communications through an automated measures to provide insight into team cohesion, affective and cognitive states and team performance.

2. Conduct analysis with crew data resources.

Data may be collected via analogous populations or crew members on orbit (currently TBD).
This task is part of the BHP/SHFE/HHC Sensorimotor Integrated Campaign. This task informs gap Bmed2.

Resources (Ground Analog, Other)

Deliverables (1)

Developing, Maintaining, and Restoring Team Cohesion

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Kozlowski, Steve

Short Title: Team Cohesion

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Identification of antecedents underlying the development and maintenance of team cohesion;
Development and evaluation of training techniques to enhance team cohesion formation;
Development of measurement and monitoring systems to support team cohesion regulation, maintenance, and repair;
Recommendations for flight crews and ground control teams for
1. training design and delivery
2. monitoring and regulation systems

Resources (Ground Analog, Other)

Deliverables (1)

Composing and Developing Resilient, Adaptive, and Self-Sustaining Teams for Long Duration Space Exploration

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Tannenbaum, Scott

Short Title: Autonomous Teams (Resilient, Adaptive, Self-sustaining Teams)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Behavioral Health & Performance (BHP) Element

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The effort falls within the Research Focus of Team Autonomy and directly examines three of the Team Autonomy research questions posed in the NRA:

1) How can individuals be selected who will thrive in an autonomous environment?
2) How should teams be composed to form a high-performing autonomous team?
3) What additional training techniques must be developed to support these teams?

The proposed program of research focuses directly on:
• PRD Risk: Performance Decrements due to Inadequate Team Cooperation,
Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation.

•Team Gap 8: We need to identify psychological and psychosocial factors, measures, and combinations thereof that can be used to compose highly effective crews for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Each of the deliverables specified in the technical proposal are designed to address the NRA research questions, PRD Risk, and IRP Gap noted above.
In support of NRA questions 1 and 2 regarding crew member selection and team composition,
a series of evidence-based contextually relevant guidelines and recommendations for team formation, including the identification of options and related criteria will be delivered.
In support of NRA question 3 regarding training techniques to support autonomous teams, a white paper of self-sustainment countermeasures; a framework linking diagnostics with countermeasures; a prototype of a diagnostic-driven team self-sustainment countermeasure; guidelines for conducting pre-mission team training that prepares teams for self-sustainment during missions; and specifications for an automated, diagnostic-driven, Team Autonomous Self-Development and Sustainment (TAS2) module, will be provided.

In addition, diagnostics, criteria measures, and a new research methodology that can be used in future NASA research efforts that examine the PRD Risk and IPR Gap targeted in the proposal. In sum, this project aims to make advancements that will help NASA mitigate the risk of performance decrements during LDSE missions.

Resources (Ground Analog, Other)

Deliverables (1)

Field test of a simple, rapid, and objective behavioral assay of group cohesion in an antarctic space analog environment

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Roma, Peter

Short Title: Group Cohesion Assay

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The objectives of this continuation proposal are to provide risk assessment and countermeasure evaluation of the following fundamental behavioral interaction operations that will most likely affect crew performance effectiveness and psychosocial adaptation:

The structure and function of communication channels within and between simulated space-dwelling and Earth-based groups;
Factors associated with variations in the behavioral management systems between space-dwelling and Earth- based groups;
Factors associated with variations in workloads, stressful time pressure, and conflict conditions
Behavioral and psychosocial interaction systems between spaceflight crews and Earth-centered mission support operations that are most likely to influence individual and group performance during long-duration missions.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Protocols for Asynchronous Communication in Space Operations: Communication Analysis

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Fischer, Ute

Short Title: Comm Analysis

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

(1) Determine the impact of communication delays on communication, teamwork and task performance in relation to varying task demands, i.e., procedural tasks vs. tasks requiring analysis and decision making, and different communication media (voice vs. text).
(2) Develop and validate measures to assess and characterize team communication effectiveness and task performance in relation to different operational tasks.
(3) Develop and validate communication protocols to support joint problem solving and decision making by mission controllers and space crews during periods of asynchronous communication.

This is a task that will be worked with SHFE.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Monitoring and Regulating Teamwork

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Kozlowski, Steve

Short Title: Teamwork

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
Following NRA completion in 2012, the focus of this effort is to develop and validate the hardware aspect of a monitoring tool that can assess important biometrics that inform aspects of team functioning including performance.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Development of an Objective Behavioral Assay of Cohesion to Enhance Composition, Task Performance, and Psychosocial Adaptation in Long-Term Work Groups

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Roma, Peter

Short Title: Cohesion Assay

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
Continued development and validation of objective measure of team cooperation.

Resources (Ground Analog, Other)

Deliverables (1)

Team Trust (Research Requirements)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Costa, Ana Cristina

Short Title: Team Trust

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Identify antecedents, interacting factors, and outcomes related to team performance and functioning associated with team trust as related to long duration exploration missions based on the extant literature and an operations assessment.
Identify avenues for future research, implications for current operations, and avenues of countermeasure development related to team trust in long duration exploration missions.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Team and Sleep Preliminary Literature Review

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Driscoll, Sharon

Short Title: Team/Sleep Prelim Lit Review

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
This task will consist of a preliminary literature review, which should examine existing knowledge related to the Sleep Risk and the impact on teams and highlight any gaps or limitations in the literature. The PI will be conducting a preliminary literature review to identify the most important factors related to sleep and circadian factors and team outcomes.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Planned-Funded

Analog Team/Behavioral Medicine Data Mining

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Analog Team/Behavioral Medicine Data Mining

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Aims:
Characterization of association between Team and Fatigue-related outcomes in HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog), which includes data analysis evaluating the relationship between various team and fatigue outcomes.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Maintaining Team Performance and Functioning during Changing Team Dynamics and Interpersonal Relationships

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Team Dynamics and Interpersonal Relationships

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of shifts in interpersonal relationships within teams over time in long duration isolation and confinement. The study should determine patterns of team functioning and performance impacts resulting from development, maintenance, and breakdown of different types of interpersonal relationships within a team along with key contributors of resilience to shifts in these team dynamics. This project should provide recommendations for countermeasures, team-based interventions, training on adapting to changing team dynamics, team composition, and related measures/metrics that can be used to monitor and and support team performance during periods of shifts in team dynamics as a result of changes in interpersonal relationships.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:

Evidence-based recommendations for additional or modified training due to identified gaps in training content coverage, including recommendations based on results of study to validate Expeditionary Skills Model.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Technology or Tool
Subcategory: Computational Models or Simulations

Description:
Validated training content packages associated with identified key training needs and tools for monitoring team cohesion, social support, and conflict.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Non-Pharm Treatments Verification and Validation

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Non-Pharm Treatments Verification and Validation

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
This task will be a research study to develop and test non-pharmacological treatments for the cognitive or behavioral decrement of greatest concern to the success of a long-duration exploration class mission.

As a component fo the study, recommend examining potential team-level responses to adverse behavioral events in spaceflight. Researchers should consider generalizable findings from the broader literature and spaceflight-like environments (e.g., military units). Address how teams may act as a countermeasure to negative impacts from those events in long-duration spaceflight missions, looking at both team and individual health and performance, and recommend methods to train and reinforce adaptive team responses to these types of events.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Operational Performance Measures: Crew Proficiency and Simulation

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Operational Performance Measures: Crew Proficiency and Simulation

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Develop performance standards for crew performance in spaceflight. 2) Identify corresponding measures for team, medical, and technical tasks, and define HSRB risk metric(s) for team and training.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Standard
Subcategory:

Description:
Team and training (baseline) human performance Standards/Guidelines for NASA Standards 3001, and identification of gaps that still need to be filled with recommendations for research to fill these gaps. HRP and FOD will complete their collaborative efforts to develop Standards.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category:
Subcategory:

Description:

Internal Customers:
None External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Problem Solving Skills Training

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
NASA’s “mission teams” are composed of astronauts and Earth-based support staff (flight crews, Mission Control Center, flight controllers, flight control teams, etc.) who work closely together to ensure both individual and crew performance. Future Long Duration Spaceflight Exploration (LDSE) missions, potentially including planetary surface missions on Mars, will demand the support and ability of these teams to manage shifting levels of autonomy when crew health, performance and/or mission success are threatened by unanticipated problems.
This task will provide standards and guidelines for training individual and team problem-solving skills across all team, medical, and technical domains for both work and non-work situations throughout a long-duration mission.

1. Determine how problem-solving skills are developed and used in operational settings such that there is generalization across many tasks and situations.
2. Identify which individual and team skills are most important to performing tasks in normal conditions and surviving in emergency conditions for LDEM.
3. Determine the relationship of individual cognitive processes/skills (e.g., attention, reasoning) to team cognitive processes/skills (e.g., collaborative problem solving, decision making).
4. Describe how these skills change over time and what may trigger these shifts.
5. Validate measurement, particularly unobtrusive measurement, of these skills for both individuals and teams.
6. Develop validated training guidelines and recommendations to develop and maintain individual and team cognitive skills throughout an LDSE mission, and allow them to be trained efficiently to maintain performance across tasks and situations in mission.

Resources (Ground Analog, Flight)

Deliverables (3)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
Risk characterization describing which individual and team skills related to problem-solving are most important in both nominal and off-nominal tasks/situation, how these skills may generalize across tasks/situations, and how these skills change over time and, if so, what may trigger these shifts.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Standard
Subcategory: Update

Description:
Standards and Guidelines recommendations related to training and other countermeasures to develop and maintain individual and team problemsolving skills

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Countermeasure
Subcategory: Protocol

Description:
Corresponding countermeasure prototypes and training protocols supporting the recommended Standards and Guidelines.

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
None Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Documentation:

No Documentation Available

Related Gaps (25)

TRAIN-01: We do not know which validated objective measures of operator proficiency and of training effectiveness should be used for future long-duration exploration missions. (Previous title: SHFE-TRAIN-01)

Common Item(s)
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions
	Macrocognition in Teams: Examining and Developing Team Cognitive Processes and Products in the Context of Long Duration Exploration Missions
	Operational Performance Measures: Crew Proficiency and Simulation
	Project FUSION: Facilitating Unified Systems of Interdependent Organizational Networks
	Team Task Switching in Astronaut Crews on the International Space Station: Integrating Multiteam Membership, Multiteam Systems, Multitasking, & Multidimensional Networks to Monitor & Enable Functional Work Shifts in Astronaut Crews
	Understanding and Preventing Crew Member Task Entrainment

TRAIN-02: We need to identify effective methods and tools that can be used to train for long-duration, long-distance space missions. (Previous title: SHFE-TRAIN-02)

Common Item(s)
	Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station
	Facilitating the Synergistic Side of Cultural Diversity in LDSE: Identification of Challenges and Development of Cultural Training
	Protocols for Asynchronous Communication in Space Operations: Communication Analysis
	Team Task Switching in Astronaut Crews on the International Space Station: Integrating Multiteam Membership, Multiteam Systems, Multitasking, & Multidimensional Networks to Monitor & Enable Functional Work Shifts in Astronaut Crews
	Understanding and Preventing Crew Member Task Entrainment

MPTASK-01: We need methods and tools to collect measures of missions, process, and task performance. (Previous title: SHFE-TASK-01)

Common Item(s)
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions
	Project FUSION: Facilitating Unified Systems of Interdependent Organizational Networks

HAB-01: We need to understand how new aspects of the natural and induced environment (e.g., vehicle/habitat architecture, acoustics, vibration, lighting) may impact performance, and need to be accommodated in internal vehicle/habitat design. (Previous title: SHFE-HAB-03)

Common Item(s)
	NSCOR for Evaluating Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Adaptation and Resilience to Spaceflight: Emotional Valence and Social Processes in ICC/ICE Environments

MPTASK-02: We need methods and tools to support mission, process, and task design. (Previous title: SHFE-TASK-02)

Common Item(s)
	Project FUSION: Facilitating Unified Systems of Interdependent Organizational Networks

CBS-BMed1: We need to identify and validate countermeasures that promote individual behavioral health and performance during exploration class missions.

Common Item(s)
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions

CBS-BMed2: We need to identify and validate measures to monitor behavioral health and performance during exploration class missions to determine acceptable thresholds for these measures.

Common Item(s)
	AD ASTRA: Automated Detection of Attitudes and States through Transaction Recordings Analysis
	Investigate shifts in team cognitive processes over time (Research Requirements)
	Macrocognition in Teams: Examining and Developing Team Cognitive Processes and Products in the Context of Long Duration Exploration Missions
	NSCOR for Evaluating Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Adaptation and Resilience to Spaceflight: Emotional Valence and Social Processes in ICC/ICE Environments
	Team Risk Standardized Measures Workshop

CBS-BMed3: We need to identify and quantify the key threats to and promoters of mission relevant behavioral health and performance during autonomous, long duration and/or long distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	A Multi-faceted Approach to Examine Team Adaptation & Resilience within Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments
	Dynamic Team Role Allocation in Long Duration, Exploration Missions: Identification of Roles, Triggers, and Measurement Tools
	Growth and Resilience for Long Duration Exploration Missions(RR)
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions
	Investigate shifts in team motivation and morale over time (Research Requirements)
	Macrocognition in Teams: Examining and Developing Team Cognitive Processes and Products in the Context of Long Duration Exploration Missions
	NSCOR for Evaluating Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Adaptation and Resilience to Spaceflight: Emotional Valence and Social Processes in ICC/ICE Environments

CBS-BMed5: We need to identify and validate measures that can be used for the selection of individuals that are highly resilient to the key behavioral health and performance threats during autonomous, long duration and/or long distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Composing and Developing Resilient, Adaptive, and Self-Sustaining Teams for Long Duration Space Exploration
	Growth and Resilience for Long Duration Exploration Missions(RR)
	NSCOR for Evaluating Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Adaptation and Resilience to Spaceflight: Emotional Valence and Social Processes in ICC/ICE Environments

CBS-BMed6: We need to identify and validate effective treatments for adverse behavioral conditions and psychiatric disorders during exploration class missions.

Common Item(s)
	Non-Pharm Treatments Verification and Validation

BMed7: We need to identify and validate effective methods for modifying the habitat/vehicle environment to mitigate the negative psychological and behavioral effects of environmental stressors (e.g., isolation, confinement, reduced sensory stimulation) likely to be experienced in the long duration spaceflight environment.

Common Item(s)
	Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation

BMed8: We need to understand how personal relations/interactions (family, friends and colleagues) affect astronauts’ behavioral health and performance during exploration class missions.

Common Item(s)
	Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station

Team Gap 2: We need to identify a set of validated measures, based on the key indicators of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance fluctuations during autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team
	AD ASTRA: Automated Detection of Attitudes and States through Transaction Recordings Analysis
	Developing, Maintaining, and Restoring Team Cohesion
	Development of an Objective Behavioral Assay of Cohesion to Enhance Composition, Task Performance, and Psychosocial Adaptation in Long-Term Work Groups
	Dynamic Team Role Allocation in Long Duration, Exploration Missions: Identification of Roles, Triggers, and Measurement Tools
	Field test of a simple, rapid, and objective behavioral assay of group cohesion in an antarctic space analog environment
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions
	Key Contributors to the Maintenance and Regulation of Team Function and Performance on Long Duration Exploration Missions
	Measuring, Monitoring, and Regulating Teamwork for Long Duration Missions
	Monitoring and Regulating Teamwork
	Operational Performance Measures: Crew Proficiency and Simulation

Team Gap 9: We need to identify spaceflight acceptable thresholds (or ranges) of team function, based on key indicators, for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team

Team Gap 3: We need to identify a set of countermeasures to support team function for all phases of autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team
	A Multi-faceted Approach to Examine Team Adaptation & Resilience within Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments
	AD ASTRA: Automated Detection of Attitudes and States through Transaction Recordings Analysis
	Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station
	Composing and Developing Resilient, Adaptive, and Self-Sustaining Teams for Long Duration Space Exploration
	Developing, Maintaining, and Restoring Team Cohesion
	Dynamic Team Role Allocation in Long Duration, Exploration Missions: Identification of Roles, Triggers, and Measurement Tools
	Facilitating the Synergistic Side of Cultural Diversity in LDSE: Identification of Challenges and Development of Cultural Training
	Measuring, Monitoring, and Regulating Teamwork for Long Duration Missions
	Monitoring and Regulating Teamwork
	Protocols for Asynchronous Communication in Space Operations: Communication Analysis
	Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation
	Team Task Switching in Astronaut Crews on the International Space Station: Integrating Multiteam Membership, Multiteam Systems, Multitasking, & Multidimensional Networks to Monitor & Enable Functional Work Shifts in Astronaut Crews
	Understanding and Preventing Crew Member Task Entrainment

Team Gap 4: We need to identify psychological measures that can be used to select individuals most likely to maintain team function for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team
	A Multi-faceted Approach to Examine Team Adaptation & Resilience within Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments
	A US-Russian Collaborative Proposal for Data Collection in HERA: The Relationship between Composition, Interpersonal Relations, and Team Effectiveness in Space Crews
	Composing and Developing Resilient, Adaptive, and Self-Sustaining Teams for Long Duration Space Exploration
	CREWS: Crew Recommender for Effective Work in Space
	Development of an Objective Behavioral Assay of Cohesion to Enhance Composition, Task Performance, and Psychosocial Adaptation in Long-Term Work Groups
	Facilitating the Synergistic Side of Cultural Diversity in LDSE: Identification of Challenges and Development of Cultural Training
	Field test of a simple, rapid, and objective behavioral assay of group cohesion in an antarctic space analog environment
	Growth and Resilience for Long Duration Exploration Missions(RR)
	Job Analysis
	NSCOR for Evaluating Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Adaptation and Resilience to Spaceflight: Emotional Valence and Social Processes in ICC/ICE Environments
	Using Analog Missions to Develop Effective Team Composition Strategies for Long Duration Space Exploration

Team Gap 8: We need to identify psychological and psychosocial factors, measures, and combinations thereof that can be used to compose highly effective crews for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team
	A Multi-faceted Approach to Examine Team Adaptation & Resilience within Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments
	A US-Russian Collaborative Proposal for Data Collection in HERA: The Relationship between Composition, Interpersonal Relations, and Team Effectiveness in Space Crews
	Composing and Developing Resilient, Adaptive, and Self-Sustaining Teams for Long Duration Space Exploration
	CREWS: Crew Recommender for Effective Work in Space
	Development of an Objective Behavioral Assay of Cohesion to Enhance Composition, Task Performance, and Psychosocial Adaptation in Long-Term Work Groups
	Dynamic Team Role Allocation in Long Duration, Exploration Missions: Identification of Roles, Triggers, and Measurement Tools
	Field test of a simple, rapid, and objective behavioral assay of group cohesion in an antarctic space analog environment
	Job Analysis
	SCALE: Shared Cognitive Architectures for Long-term Exploration
	Using Analog Missions to Develop Effective Team Composition Strategies for Long Duration Space Exploration

Team Gap 5: We need to identify validated ground-based training methods that can be both preparatory and continuing to maintain team function in autonomous, long duration, and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team
	Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station
	Dynamic Team Role Allocation in Long Duration, Exploration Missions: Identification of Roles, Triggers, and Measurement Tools
	Facilitating the Synergistic Side of Cultural Diversity in LDSE: Identification of Challenges and Development of Cultural Training
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions
	Job Analysis
	Macrocognition in Teams: Examining and Developing Team Cognitive Processes and Products in the Context of Long Duration Exploration Missions
	Operational Performance Measures: Crew Proficiency and Simulation
	SCALE: Shared Cognitive Architectures for Long-term Exploration
	Study of shifts in team shared mental models over long durations (Research Requirements)

Team Gap 6: We need to identify methods to support and enable multiple distributed teams to manage shifting levels of autonomy during long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Performance and Behavioral Health Decrements Due to Inadequate Cooperation, Coordination, Communication, and Psychosocial Adaptation within a Team
	Assessing the Impact of Communication Delay on Performance: An Examination of Autonomous Operations Utilizing the International Space Station
	Composing and Developing Resilient, Adaptive, and Self-Sustaining Teams for Long Duration Space Exploration
	Protocols for Asynchronous Communication in Space Operations: Communication Analysis

Sleep Gap 2: We need to understand the contribution of sleep loss, circadian desynchronization, extended wakefulness and work overload, on individual health (physical and behavioral), team functioning, and performance (including operational performance), for spaceflight.

Common Item(s)
	Analog Team/Behavioral Medicine Data Mining
	Team and Sleep Preliminary Literature Review

Sleep Gap 10: We need to identify the spaceflight environmental and mission factors that contribute to sleep decrements and circadian misalignment, and their acceptable levels of risk.

Common Item(s)
	Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation

HAB-04: We need to refine the definition of the Risk of Incompatible Vehicle/Habitat Design including mission attribute list, and define the acceptable level of risk due to inadequate internal vehicle/habitat design. (Previous title: SHFE-HAB-08)

Common Item(s)
	Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation
	Team NHV (Research Requirements)

HAB-05: We need to identify technologies, tools, and methods for data collection, modeling, and analysis that are appropriate for design and assessment of vehicles/habitats (e.g., net habitable volume, layout, and usage) for predetermined mission attributes, and for refinement and validation of level of acceptable risk. (Previous title: SHFE-HAB-09)

Common Item(s)
	Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation

HAB-03: We need design guidelines for acceptable net habitable volume and internal vehicle/habitat design configurations for predetermined mission attributes (Previous title: SHFE-HAB-07)

Common Item(s)
	Spaceflight Habitability Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ) Development and Validation

TRAIN-04: We do not know the types of skills and knowledge that can be retained and generalized across tasks for a given mission to maximize crew performance. (Previous title: SHFE-TRAIN-04)

Common Item(s)
	Individual and Team Problem-Solving Skills Training for Exploration Missions
	Operational Performance Measures: Crew Proficiency and Simulation

Print View...

PRRs (1)

NASA Developer: Daniel Febus Responsible NASA Official: Dave Hanson Contact HRP for a 508 compliant PDF Budgets, Strategic Plans, and Accountability Reports Equal Employment Opportunity Data Posted Pursuant to the No Fear Act Information-Dissemination Policies and Inventories Freedom of Information Act President's Management Agenda Privacy Policy & Important Notices Inspector General Hotline Contact HRP Human Health and Performance DIR Johnson Space Center USA.gov ExpectMore.gov

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Short Duration (2 months or less) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., HERA, NEEMO], ICE Field Analog, Long Duration (4 months or more) – isolated, confined and extreme; may not have spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., Antarctica]
Number of Subjects	52

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Short Duration (2 months or less) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., HERA, NEEMO], ICE Field Analog, Long Duration (4 months or more) – isolated, confined and extreme; may not have spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., Antarctica]
Number of Subjects	42

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Short Duration (2 months or less) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., HERA, NEEMO]
Number of Subjects	32

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Short Duration (2 months or less) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., HERA, NEEMO], ICE Field Analog, Long Duration (4 months or more) – isolated, confined and extreme; may not have spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., Antarctica]
Number of Subjects	56

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Long Duration (4 months or more) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., NEK/Russian Chamber]
Number of Subjects	18

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	ICE Field Analog, Long Duration (4 months or more) – isolated, confined and extreme; may not have spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., Antarctica]
Number of Subjects	6

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Bedrest [e.g., envihab, other bedrest facilities], Controlled Research Analog, Short Duration (2 months or less) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., HERA, NEEMO]
Number of Subjects	24