HRR - Gap - OP-01: We do not understand the risk of injury associated with crewed vehicle landings and how this risk relates to the desired acceptable risk. (Previous title: OP2)

NASA Logo Human Research Roadmap HRP Exploration Data

Evidence Risks Gaps Tasks Reports

Explore Search

- Risks
  - Occupant Protection
- Tasks

OP-01: We do not understand the risk of injury associated with crewed vehicle landings and how this risk relates to the desired acceptable risk. (Previous title: OP2)

Last Published: 07/31/19 10:05:30 AM (Central)

Responsible Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance (HFBP)

Status: Open

Description

Initial State of Gap:
The risk of injury due to dynamic loads is well documented for automotive and military environments; however, there is less evidence available to ascertain the risk to crewmembers given the current vehicle design requirements. This knowledge gap will characterize the residual risk remaining with the current requirements using current spaceflight data.

The probability of an occurrence of dynamic loading in spaceflight is a stark departure from terrestrial vehicles. Typically, dynamic loads in terrestrial vehicles only occur during off-nominal or contingency scenarios, whereas dynamic loads are expected as part of the nominal operation of a spacecraft. In order to develop adequate standards and design requirements, acceptable risk limits for crewmembers must be defined to address this unique aspect of spaceflight. Currently an acceptable risk definition does not exist for Occupant Protection.

In addition, current flight data is incomplete or not available for analysis to determine current state of risk to ISS astronauts. Although NASA regularly flies and lands crewmembers on the Soyuz, the risk of injury due to dynamic loads has not been adequately quantified in this environment. Since spaceflight landings include unique risk factors, accurately quantifying this risk allows appropriate standards and requirements to be developed to protect the crew.

Interim stages:
- Define acceptable risk limits for Occupant Protection
- Updates to NASA-STD-3001
- Quantify risk of landing injury to crews on the Soyuz vehicle
- Updates to the Human System Risk evidence

Approach:
The NASA Standing Review Panel for the Occupant Protection risk, as well as various external expert panels have suggested defining acceptable risk and quantifying the current risk of injury to Soyuz crews. The tasks for this gap will include updating NASA-STD-3001 with the definition of acceptable risk for Occupant Protection, and characterizing the injury risk associated with the Soyuz landing system.

Target for Closure

Develop a definition of acceptable risk and quantify the risk of injury associated with the Soyuz landing system.

Mappings

Risk of Injury from Dynamic Loads

OP-01: We do not understand the risk of injury associated with crewed vehicle landings and how this risk relates to the desired acceptable risk. (Previous title: OP2)

Active

Soyuz Landing Injury Risk Characterization

Task Book: Entry
Principal Investigator: Newby, Nathaniel

Short Title: Soyuz Impact Risk

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Active - Currently funded and in progress

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

Characterize the injury risk during Soyuz landing.

Objectives

Determine the occurrence of injuries to crewmembers
Determine whether the Soyuz meets current Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) and Commercial Crew Program (CCP) requirements
Evaluate whether injury rates are consistent with the results of dynamic testing
Collect post-landing questionnaire data and develop injury database

Resources (Other)

Deliverables (1)

Category: Risk Characterization, Quantification
Subcategory: Evidence or Risk Characterization

Description:
1. Final Report detailing the results of this task

a) Modeling of the Soyuz seat
b) Anthropometric Test Device (ATD) and human model assessment of the risk of injury due to Soyuz landing for a variety of landing accelerations
c) Residual risk associated with current MPCV and CCP requirements

2. Soyuz post-landing database

The final deliverable will be a report with a model assessment of the risk of injury due to Soyuz landing, residual risk associated with current vehicle design requirements, and a post-landing database. The report will provide evidence of the risk of injury due to dynamic loads contributing to the Human System Risk. This study will contribute to gap closure by characterizing and quantifying the risk associated with the Soyuz landing system.

Internal Customers:
None External Customers:
Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO)
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Completed

Definition of Acceptable Risk Summit

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: N/A

Short Title: Definition of Acceptable Risk Summit

Responsible HRP Element: Space Human Factors and Habitability

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

Define acceptable injury risk for nominal and off-nominal conditions at various injury severities.

Objectives

Revisit original definition of acceptable risk summit
Revisit Operationally Relevant Injury Scale
Convene a panel of expert to revise acceptable risk
Vet the results with the NASA community

Resources (Other)

Deliverables (1)

Planned-Funded

HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: HFBP Thresholds for POL

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

The objective is to use evidence-based thresholds of performance from standard measures in Behavioral Medicine, Team, and Human Factors, to inform acceptable ranges of performance, along with an integrated HFBP permissible outcome limit, for exploration. This effort will contribute to gap closure by providing a set of mission-acceptable thresholds of individual behavioral health and performance, and a set of measurable human factors standards for performance operation limits of crewmembers for exploration class missions.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (2)

Category: Standard
Subcategory: New

Description:
Permissible Outcome Limit (POL) for HFBP

Internal Customers:
Human Factors and Behavioral Performance
External Customers:
Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO)
SMOD - Space Medicine Operations Division
Is a Customer-Supplier Agreement (CSA) Required? No

Category: Requirement
Subcategory: Guidelines/Criteria

Description:
Guidelines for Clinical Care

Documentation:

No Documentation Available

Related Gaps (13)

TRAIN-01: We do not know which validated objective measures of operator proficiency and of training effectiveness should be used for future long-duration exploration missions. (Previous title: SHFE-TRAIN-01)

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

HARI-03: We do not know how to quantify overall human-automation-robotic system performance to inform and evaluate system designs to ensure safe and efficient space mission operations. (Previous title: SHFE-HARI-03)

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

MPTASK-01: We need methods and tools to collect measures of missions, process, and task performance. (Previous title: SHFE-TASK-01)

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

CBS-BMed2: We need to identify and validate measures to monitor behavioral health and performance during exploration class missions to determine acceptable thresholds for these measures.

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

CBS-CNS - 5: How can new knowledge and data from molecular, cellular, tissue and animal models of acute CNS adverse changes or clinical human data, including altered motor and cognitive function and behavioral changes be used to estimate acute CNS risks to astronauts from GCR and SPE?

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

Team Gap 2: We need to identify a set of validated measures, based on the key indicators of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance fluctuations during autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

Team Gap 9: We need to identify spaceflight acceptable thresholds (or ranges) of team function, based on key indicators, for autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

HCI-07: We need to define the acceptable level of risk for HCI performance relative to terrestrial baselines. (Previous title: SHFE-HCI-08)

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

Sleep Gap 1: We need to identify a set of validated and minimally obtrusive tools to monitor and measure sleep-wake activity and associated performance changes for spaceflight.

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

HAB-04: We need to refine the definition of the Risk of Incompatible Vehicle/Habitat Design including mission attribute list, and define the acceptable level of risk due to inadequate internal vehicle/habitat design. (Previous title: SHFE-HAB-08)

Common Item(s)
	HFBP Thresholds for Health & Operational Performance Permissible Outcome Limit (POL)

OP-02: We do not know how load dynamics and sex differences affect injury risk in spaceflight conditions and do not have adequate injury assessment reference values (IARVs) to mitigate the increased risk of injury to the crew. (Previous title: OP3)

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Injury from Dynamic Loads

OP-03: We do not have adequately validated analytical tools to inform design decisions or allow verification of vehicle occupant safety in impact conditions (Previous title: OP4)

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Injury from Dynamic Loads

OP-04: We do not know the extent to which spaceflight deconditioning decreases injury tolerance for dynamic loads. (Previous title: OP5)

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Injury from Dynamic Loads

Print View...

PRRs (1)

NASA Developer: Daniel Febus Responsible NASA Official: Dave Hanson Contact HRP for a 508 compliant PDF Budgets, Strategic Plans, and Accountability Reports Equal Employment Opportunity Data Posted Pursuant to the No Fear Act Information-Dissemination Policies and Inventories Freedom of Information Act President's Management Agenda Privacy Policy & Important Notices Inspector General Hotline Contact HRP Human Health and Performance DIR Johnson Space Center USA.gov ExpectMore.gov

Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Short Duration (2 months or less) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., HERA, NEEMO]
Number of Subjects	32