HRR - Gap - HARI-04: We need to identify and scope the critical human-automation/robotic mission activities and tasks that are required for future long duration, long distance space missions. (Previous title: SHFE-HARI-05)

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HARI-04: We need to identify and scope the critical human-automation/robotic mission activities and tasks that are required for future long duration, long distance space missions. (Previous title: SHFE-HARI-05)

Last Published: 07/31/19 10:05:30 AM (Central)

Responsible Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance (HFBP)

Status: Open

Description

Initial State of Gap:

NASA's future missions will require extensive reliance on combined human and automated/robotic (HAR) systems. This degree of reliance is unprecedented in past and current human spaceflight experience. Without a systematic understanding of the critical factors associated with effective HAR integration, it will not be possible to safely and efficiently achieve mission goals for near-and deep-space exploration. For these types of missions, we need a comprehensive, systematic evaluation to identify and understand critical factors associated with effective HAR trade space.

Interim Steps:

Evaluate design reference missions (DRMs) to assess proposed HAR activities.
- Identify activities where NASA has design and operational experience but not in the proposed operational environment (e.g., habitat construction on planetary surface).
- Identify activities where NASA has no operational experience (e.g., asteroid rendezvous).
- Identify activities that would benefit from the insertion of HARI (e.g., emergency telemedicine).
- Identify activities common across DRMs (e.g., highly autonomous life support systems).
- Develop a task list matrix for each DRM and associated mission need, prioritizing specific HAR tasks.
Collaborate with internal and external experts (industry, Department of Defense, and academia) as well as agency stakeholders (DRM developers, Advanced Exploration Systems, and Office of Chief Technology, to assess and leverage work existing in HARI areas.
Publish results of evaluations and workshop(s) through a white paper.
- Systematic analysis and synthesis of accumulated HARI information.
- Enumeration of key automation/robotic assets that crewmembers will interact with.
- Request and integrate external reviews.
Based on findings, revise the HARI Plan to Risk Refinement to identify and prioritize new NASA-unique critical research tasks, and potentially new HARI gaps.

Approach:

Complete comparative analysis of DRMs and related external reviews.
Conduct trade study analysis, evaluating possible HAR alternatives (e.g., HAR configurations) while considering HAR integration needs.
Conduct interviews, workshops, and technical interchange meetings (TIMs) as appropriate to gather subject matter expert and stakeholder knowledge, arrive at consensus on important issues, and vet conclusions concerning critical HAR tasks.

Target for Closure

Documentation to identify critical human-automation/robotic mission activities and tasks that will drive the HARI Plan to Risk Reduction, and that will be reported in appropriate publications, standards, stakeholder panels, and/or risk Evidence Report.

Mappings

Risk of Inadequate Design of Human and Automation/Robotic Integration

Completed

Human-automation and Robotic Integration Design Reference Mission Task Scoping

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: Marquez, Jessica

Short Title: HARI Task Scoping

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Future design reference missions (e.g., Mars, asteroid rendezvous, lunar habitat) describe a large cohort and variety of automated and robotic agents. We need a systematic understanding of the critical factors associated with effective human-automated/robotic (HAR) integration.

This research aims to scope critical factors associated with effective future HAR integration.

Identify the human-automation-robotic (HAR) tasks delineated by the NASA design reference missions (DRMs), including Deep Space Sortie, Deep Space Habitation, Lunar & Planetary visits, and the Evolvable Mars Campaign.
Based on the collection of HAR tasks, identify a set of critical HAR factors that will influence future HARI design.
Assess and prioritize corresponding HARI research tasks that address expected HARI design challenges for exploration-class HAR tasks.

Summary of findings: This research task identified critical human-automation/robotic mission activities and tasks to be accomplished in future exploration-class missions. This list of tasks was created through a comparative analysis of DRMs conducted by NASA subject-matter experts. As a result, the published task set scopes future work pertaining to the HARI PRR and corresponding gap. It also contributed to the gap by delineating the follow-on research task, which will provide further evidence in support of HARI PRR research task prioritization.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Human-automation and Robotic Integration Trade Study Analysis

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: HARI Trade Analysis

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Future design reference missions (e.g., Mars, asteroid rendezvous, lunar habitat) describe a large cohort and variety of automated and robotic agents. We need a systematic understanding of the critical factors associated with effective human-automated/robotic (HAR) integration.

While the DRMs outline mission objectives and potential implementations, HFBP needs to identify the critical HARI design challenges for future human spaceflight exploration. The first step in that process is to identify future HAR tasks and factors (accomplished through the HARI Task Scoping project). Next, is identifying possible implementations of these using automation and robotic systems. The HARI trade study will:

1. Provide a comprehensive identification of HAR options given the HAR tasks proposed by DRMs,

2. Work with HFBP as well as internal and external HAR stakeholders to identify a set of criterion for trade study analyses (e.g., technology readiness or technical heritage, safety-criticality, crew-time savings, minimum frequency of interaction between human and automation/robotic system),

3. Analyze the various HAR options against trade study criterion, providing recommendations for future HARI research direction.

Resources (None Listed)

Deliverables (1)

Planned-Funded

Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: HCAAM VNSCOR

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
NASA envisions implementation of an intelligent system that will integrate knowledge of the past and current state of the crew and vehicle in order to appropriately adjust and adapt systems to facilitate mission success for a future state. These complex relationships must be maintained for both routine tasks and more complex tasks. The purpose of this task is to focus research on providing the basis for the development of standards, guidelines and automation tools for an advanced autonomous decision-support system for use by our astronaut population that will reflect both individual and team, real-time human performance support for autonomous spaceflight.

1) Characterize human capabilities and limitations related to potential performance decrements during long duration exploration mission (LDEM) spaceflight as relevant to both routine and complex task performance.

2) Determine appropriate advanced, autonomous intelligent system decision and execution support responses in order to reduce the likelihood or impact of potential decrements in human performance capabilities.

3) Perform integrated assessment of intelligent system responses in order to determine positive or negative interactions and validate recommended approaches.

4) Propose specific updates to existing standards and handbooks to enable implementation of findings for upcoming LDEM systems.

Resources (Ground Analog)

Deliverables (1)

Benchmarking Effective Human Performance with Advanced Automated-Robotic Systems

Task Book: Entry Unavailable
Principal Investigator: TBD

Short Title: Advanced Robotics Benchmark

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Planned-Funded - Task expected to be within budget

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Description:

Future exploration missions (e.g., planetary exploration of Mars, deep space transportation, lunar habitat) will include a large cohort and variety of automated and robotic agents. We need to understand which are the critical factors associated with effective human performance in advanced automation-robotic systems. In order to accomplish this, we need to benchmark effective human performance for expected automation-robotic systems for upcoming missions, identifying possible implementations of these systems, and characterize the associated risk and crew performance.

Aims:

Provide a comprehensive identification of automation-robotic systems given the human-automation-robotic tasks set forth by HFBP and upcoming missions,
Identify a set of criterion (e.g., technology readiness or technical heritage, safety-criticality, crew-time savings, minimum frequency of interaction between human and automation-robotic system) that characterizes the risk and crew performance associated with each potential system.
Benchmark and prioritize likely automation-robotic systems, as well as provide recommendations for required HARI research.

This research task will close HARI-04 gap as it will identify critical human-automation/robotic mission activities and tasks that drive risks in crew performance due to advanced systems.

Resources (Other)

Deliverables (1)

Documentation:

No Documentation Available

Related Gaps (16)

HCI-06: We need guidelines to ensure crewmembers receive all of the information required to accomplish necessary tasks in a timely fashion, even when operating autonomously. (Previous title: SHFE-HCI-06)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

TRAIN-02: We need to identify effective methods and tools that can be used to train for long-duration, long-distance space missions. (Previous title: SHFE-TRAIN-02)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HCI-03: We need HCI guidelines (e.g., display configuration, screen-navigation) to mitigate the performance decrements and operational conditions of long duration spaceflight. (Previous title: SHFE-HCI-03)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HARI-03: We do not know how to quantify overall human-automation-robotic system performance to inform and evaluate system designs to ensure safe and efficient space mission operations. (Previous title: SHFE-HARI-03)

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Inadequate Design of Human and Automation/Robotic Integration
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HARI-01: We need to evaluate, develop, and validate methods and guidelines for identifying human-automation/robot task information needs, function allocation, and team composition for future long duration, long distance space missions. (Previous title: SHFE-HARI-01)

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Inadequate Design of Human and Automation/Robotic Integration

MPTASK-01: We need methods and tools to collect measures of missions, process, and task performance. (Previous title: SHFE-TASK-01)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HARI-02: We need to develop design guidelines for effective human-automation-robotic systems in operational environments that may include distributed, non-colocated adaptive mixed-agent teams with variable transmission latencies. (Previous Title: SHFE-HARI-02)

Common Item(s)
	Risk of Inadequate Design of Human and Automation/Robotic Integration
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HCI-04: We need to understand how emerging multi-modal and adaptive display and control technologies are best applied to the design of HCI for proposed long-duration DRM (Design Reference Missions) operations. (Previous title: SHFE-HCI-04)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

MPTASK-02: We need methods and tools to support mission, process, and task design. (Previous title: SHFE-TASK-02)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

MPTASK-03: We need methods and tools for planning and dynamic re-planning of crew schedules. (Previous title: SHFE-TASK-03)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HCI-07: We need to define the acceptable level of risk for HCI performance relative to terrestrial baselines. (Previous title: SHFE-HCI-08)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

Team Gap 6: We need to identify methods to support and enable multiple distributed teams to manage shifting levels of autonomy during long duration and/or distance exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

HAB-05: We need to identify technologies, tools, and methods for data collection, modeling, and analysis that are appropriate for design and assessment of vehicles/habitats (e.g., net habitable volume, layout, and usage) for predetermined mission attributes, and for refinement and validation of level of acceptable risk. (Previous title: SHFE-HAB-09)

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

Med01: We do not have a concept of operations for medical care during exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

Med07: We do not have the capability to comprehensively process medically-relevant information to support medical operations during exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

Med10: We do not have the capability to provide computed medical decision support during exploration missions.

Common Item(s)
	Human Capabilities Assessments for Autonomous Missions (HCAAM) Virtual NASA Specialized Center of Research (VNSCOR)

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PRRs (1)

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Ground-Based Flight Analogs	Controlled Research Analog, Long Duration (4 months or more) – isolated and confined with spaceflight mission scenario [e.g., NEK/Russian Chamber], ICE Field Analog, Short Duration (4 months or less) – isolated, confined and extreme; may not have spaceflight mission scenario
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