Short Title: Sleep Long (Actigraphy)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
1) characterizing sleep and sleep disruption over shuttle and long duration missions

2) determining whether sleep disruption leads to subjective dissatisfaction with sleep and daytime alertness

3) characterizing the relationship between sleep and sleep medication use

4) determining the feasibility of the Actiwatch protocol as a monitoring technology in flight

Short Title: Sleep Monitoring Technologies Techwatch

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
The aim of this task is to identify monitoring technologies that are more precise and unobtrusive than the current Actiwatch used in flight.

Short Title: Actiwatch TMP

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Aims:
The aim of this planned task is to transition the Actiwatch protocol to Medical Operations. The anticipated deliverable following this task will be a monitoring technology.

Short Title: CAT - Cognitive Assessment Tool

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
1.  Develop a technique for integrating traditional cognitive performance measures with assessment of the system and mission in which the individual must operate, yielding a quantified measure of the person's cognitive ability to perform specific jobs in space.

2.  Develop a prototype countermeasure: an entertaining and scientifically rigorous assessment tool, integrated with a sleep/fatigue model and a quantified workload estimate for each task.

3. Following an infusion decision point in FY12, deliverable may transition to operations or continuted support for ground studies, may be provided.

Short Title: Reaction Self Test (Cognitive Performance/PVT)

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts is sensitive to fatigue from sleep loss and circadian disruption during ISS missions. This will include the following conditions evaluated individually and in aggregate: i) extended wake duration between 16 hours; ii) sleep restriction defined as total sleep time >0 and <6 hours per 24-hour period; and iii) circadian perturbation associated with night work and slam shifting.

2) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts is sensitive to fatigue from work intensity during ISS missions. This will include the following conditions evaluated individually and in aggregate: i) extend work durations up to 16 hours per day; ii) more than 6 consecutive work days without a day off for rest; and iii) work requiring extravehicular activity (EVA).

3) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts declines with time in mission.

4) To explore the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts will be sensitive to the carry-over effects of medications for sleep (e.g., zolpidem, ramelteon, etc.) on ISS.

5) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance feedback (via a graphical interface) is perceived by ISS astronauts as a useful tool for assessing performance capability. This will be addressed throughout the mission by astronaut ratings.

Short Title: PVT ST Interface Validation

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Development and refinement of PVT Self Test.

Short Title: Android PVT

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
Develop an Android App incorporating the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) to deliver individualized fatigue risk management in commercial trucking.

Short Title: Cognition

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
Specific Aim 1: Development of short-duration adaptive versions of CATS neuropsychological
tests for spaceflight
Specific Aim 2: Establish learning curves for CATS neuropsychological tests and validate
sensitivity to sleep deprivation
Specific Aim 3: CATS Toolkit software development and optimization for spaceflight
Specific Aim 4: Space Analog field testing, astronaut learning curves, and astronaut norms for
performance feedback algorithm development
Specific Aim 5: International Space Station (ISS) feasibility study

Short Title: RobotOps

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1) Characterize the changes in cognitive function during robotic operations that affect performance;

2) Validate proxy cognitive assessment tests such as the Spaceflight Cognitive Assessment Tool for Windows (WinSCAT) or Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) as predictors of performance changes in a complex operational task, and;

3) Test the efficacy of fatigue countermeasures (e.g., light, caffeine, modafinil) to improve cognition during robotic operations.

Short Title: OCR Analog Validation

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
1. Lab development and validation to make deliverable ready for spaceflight.

Short Title: Stress Monitoring Tool (Linea SBIR Phase 1&2)

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
SBIR Phase II includes development of stress monitoring technology for future spaceflight (through 12/31/14). Additional support may be provided for further development and validation (FY15 & FY16).To be worked with ExMC

Short Title: Cognition (ISS-12)

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

This study aims to test and implement the NeuroCATs toolkit on the ISS-12 mission.  This will permit rapid assessment of performance in cognitive, social-emotional and sensorimotor domains and help inform whether cognitive changes may exist over an extended duration in space.

Short Title: Sleep EEG

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

The primary objective of the project as a whole is to design, develop, and test a sleep-EEG system for NASA sleep research in analog and spaceflight settings. This system will be tested in laboratory and hospital environments first, and will then be tested in HERA for operational usability. To achieve the technical objectives, the specific aims include:

 

Aim 1: Adapt existing, near-infrared neuroimaging technology (NIRS), to a system which will allow selection and deployment of 1-8 EEG channels for brain monitoring alongside the built-in 64-channel NIRS system

 

Aim 2: Supplement technology with sensors relevant to sleep and/or polysomnography (PSG) research

 

Aim 3: Make data channels compatible with NASA data management platform

 

Aim 4: Develop a software toolbox to manage and analyze the data collected

 

Aim 5: Conduct human tests to validate the system and assess its operational usability

 

Short Title: Cognitive Performance/Stress

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1. Test the usefulness of three brief validated software-based cognitive performance tests (PVT SelfTest, Digit Symbol Substitution Test and the Descending Subtraction Test), which will collectively be known as the Penn Neurobehavioral Test Battery. Data will be collected on crew members and mission support personnel. Findings from this aim will also inform Sleep1 and Bmed3 (development and validation of measurement tools).

2. Acquire saliva samples to assay for cortisol levels, as a physiological measure of stress. Salivary cortisol data will be collected on crew members and mission support personnel.

3. Acquire video of the face for assessing feasibility of optical computer recognition using the built in webcam in the laptop used for the cognitive performance tests. Findings from this aim will also inform Bmed (development and validation of methods to detect behavioral health decrements).

Short Title: Reaction Self Test (Cognitive Performance/PVT)

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts is sensitive to fatigue from sleep loss and circadian disruption during ISS missions. This will include the following conditions evaluated individually and in aggregate: i) extended wake duration between 16 hours; ii) sleep restriction defined as total sleep time >0 and <6 hours per 24-hour period; and iii) circadian perturbation associated with night work and slam shifting.

2) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts is sensitive to fatigue from work intensity during ISS missions. This will include the following conditions evaluated individually and in aggregate: i) extend work durations up to 16 hours per day; ii) more than 6 consecutive work days without a day off for rest; and iii) work requiring extravehicular activity (EVA).

3) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts declines with time in mission.

4) To explore the extent to which PVT Self Test performance of astronauts will be sensitive to the carry-over effects of medications for sleep (e.g., zolpidem, ramelteon, etc.) on ISS.

5) To evaluate the extent to which PVT Self Test performance feedback (via a graphical interface) is perceived by ISS astronauts as a useful tool for assessing performance capability. This will be addressed throughout the mission by astronaut ratings.

Short Title: Reaction Self-Test ISS-12

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
The purpose of this task is to provide objective data to help characterize fatigue and workload related effects over a one-year long duration spaceflight mission. The precursor to this study is an ISS study evaluating Reaction Self Test with an N of 24, 4- to 6-month flyers.

BHP is working through the Multilateral Human Research Panel for Exploration (MHRPE) to collaborate with the Russian Space Agency on this one-year ISS study.

Short Title: Workload and Scheduling LDM RR

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Space Human Factors Habitability (SHFH) Element

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

This task will inform specific future research needs (if any) based on a thorough evidence review and an operational assessment on workload models, and fatigue models. Results could help inform whether the integration of various models is feasible, and how existing models supported by NASA and the military can support operations. The task contributes to gap closure by potentially yielding an enhanced mitigation strategy for future missions.

Short Title: Sleep and Performance

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

The intent of this task is to evaluate sleep data from the largest, most systematic assessment of sleep in space (Barger et al., 2014), relative to performance outcomes in space, such as cognitive performance and operational performance (if accessible).

Short Title: Individualized Stress Detection

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Develop a prototype software measure of stress based on physiological outcomes.

Given the extended duration of future missions and the isolated, extreme, and confined environments, there is the possibility that stress-related behavioral conditions and mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) will develop. The overarching goal of this project is to deliver an integrated system that will track physiological signals (heart rate and heart rate variability) and behavioral signals (sleep wake patterns) to detect chronic stress, hyperarousal, and insomnia during space missions. This project will deliver both the sensor hardware and signal processing software needed for the real-time data collection and integration with other behavioral health monitoring systems (e.g., Individualized Fatigue Meter and Individualized Behavioral Health Meter).

This is an SBIR Phase 2 project and the third and final component of the Behavioral Health and Performance Dashboard Software (BHP-DS)

Short Title: Team/Sleep Prelim Lit Review

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
This task will consist of a preliminary literature review, which should examine existing knowledge related to the Sleep Risk and the impact on teams and highlight any gaps or limitations in the literature. The PI will be conducting a preliminary literature review to identify the most important factors related to sleep and circadian factors and team outcomes.

Short Title: Manual Control - Wood

Responsible HRP Element: Human Health Countermeasures

Collaborating Org(s):

Research Operations and Integration (ROI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
1.The primary goals of this investigation are to quantify post-flight decrements in manual control performance during a rover simulation (both acute and recovery), and to examine the relationship between manual control errors and adaptive changes in sensorimotor function and motion perception.


This task informs BHP gaps: BMed3 and Sleep2.

Short Title: Manual Control - Moore

Responsible HRP Element: Human Health Countermeasures

Collaborating Org(s):

Research Operations and Integration (ROI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Introduction

Sensorimotor adaptation to the relative absence of gravity on orbit is thought to be responsible for a range of sensorimotor deficits (postural, locomotor, oculomotor, perception of motion) observed in astronauts post-landing. Long-term exposure to microgravity has the potential to negatively impact the ability of crew members to navigate and control a landing vehicle and perform post-landing surface operations for exploration class missions. This goal of this study is to objectively define the effects of long-duration spaceflight on operator proficiency, and identify microgravity-related sensorimotor and/or cognitive deficits underlying degradation of operator effectiveness.

Specific Aims

The Specific Aims of this pre- and post-flight study include: 1) assess changes in cognitive, oculomotor, fine motor, and vestibular mechanisms potentially underlying post-flight deficits in operator performance, and 2) assess changes in astronaut performance on four operationally-relevant simulator tasks: control of an automobile, teleoperation of a robotic arm, T-38A Talon landing, and operation of rover docking.

Methods

The methods include a comparison of pre-flight (x4 sessions) and post-flight (R+1, +4 and +8 days) measurements obtained on seated ISS crew members using both the physiological test battery (30 min/session) and manual control simulations (60 min/session). In addition, this study will obtain subjective and objective measures of sleepiness and fatigue that will be used to assess the cumulative effects of in-flight sleep deprivation and workload on post-flight sensorimotor and operator function.

Expected Results

The expected results will include a quantitative assessment of acute changes in sensorimotor function and simulator performance, and the time course of recovery following long-duration space flight. This task will address the gap by correlating individual changes in sensorimotor function with changes in operator performance on manual control tasks.

The following task book entry also supports the Manual Control Task:
Effect of Sensorimotor Adaptation Following Long-Duration Spaceflight on Perception and Control of Vehicular Motion (Wood)
https://taskbook.nasaprs.com/publication/index.cfmaction=public_query_taskbook_content&TASKID=7985

This task informs BHP gaps: BMed3 and Sleep2.

Short Title: Biomarkers Review

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
1) review the evidence related to biomarkers that indicate individual vulnerabilities to sleep loss and circadian desynchronization

2) identify measures feasible in the spaceflight environment to assess these biomarkers

3) provide research requirements for BHP to ensure the gap is addressed.

Short Title: CPSS Modeling Harvard

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Specific Aim 1: Develop and refine the current circadian, neurobehavioral performance and subjective alertness (CNPA) model with melatonin as a marker rhythm to accurately predict phase and amplitude of the circadian pacemaker.

Specific Aim 2: Refine and validate the current model by using data from chronic sleep restriction protocols.

Specific Aim 3: Refine the current model to incorporate wavelength of light information.

Specific Aim 4: Develop Schedule Assessment and Countermeasure Design Software using the amended CPNA model from Specific Aims 1, 2 and 3 to evaluate schedules and design and test appropriate countermeasures.

Short Title: Neuro Decrement Markers

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
investigate markers of susceptibility to neurobehavioral decrements in flight.

Short Title: Mathematical Model Harvard

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

(1) Replace the current assumption that an individual sleeps when scheduled to sleep, with probabilities of sleep and wake during those times

(2) Improve daily assessment of sleep and sleep disruption using actigraphy data

(3) Add statistical features including confidence limits to the predictions

(4) Update the software per astronaut and ground crew requests for specific features and reports

Short Title: CM Workload Sleep Loss and PVT

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
1. The proposed research will use a laboratory-based study to acquire critically-needed information on the effects on performance of high cognitive workload and sleep restriction.

2. The study hypothesizes that as sleep restriction accumulates, it will potentiate the performance-impairing effects of higher cognitive workload. Another key goal of the study is to provide astronauts with an objective way to identify performance changes and the need for countermeasures for fatigue from sleep restriction and high workload. To this end, the project will complete validation of the sensitivity of the 3-minute PVT SelfTest to high workload and sleep restriction. PVT SelfTest feedback interfaces will also be evaluated, and the task will be tested in analog operations to establish its technical feasibility.

3. Tertiary goals of the project include identification of biobehavioral predictors of differential vulnerability to the cognitive effects of sleep restriction and high workload

4. Development of individualized biomathematical models that predict performance on the PVT SelfTest during high workload

Short Title: IFM

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
This aim of this planned task is to develop prototype software of the individualized fatigue meter. The fatigue meter will provide immediate feedback about alertness or fatigue levels so that astronauts can select fatigue countermeasures. The fatigue meter will incorporate data points from the Actiwatch data, PVT Self Test and NASA scheduling software to provide performance predictions based on validated mathematical models.

Short Title: NIRS Sleep

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
NASA astronauts and ground crew need to maintain high levels of physical and cognitive performance to ensure successful completion of space missions and the safety of astronauts. Astronauts and ground crew are exposed to sleep loss arising from shifting and extended work schedules commonly associated with their missions. As a result, many astronauts and ground crew are at risk for fatigue-related accidents that can endanger the success of space missions and personal safety. A major challenge in combating fatigue is accurate diagnosis. Subjective sleepiness is reported significantly less often than observed objective performance decrements, indicating that self-diagnosis is inaccurate. Recent evidence suggests that sleep deprivation reduces activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region known to be important for executive function and cognitive performance. A recently-developed technology, developed substantially by Dr. Gary Strangman with NSBRI support, allows for the quantification of hemodynamic changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the brain using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS detects regional brain activity alterations associated with these hemodynamic changes. Current methodology for assessing hemodynamic changes requires large, expensive functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography techniques that are impractical for use in space or most work environments. In contrast, ambulatory NIRS monitoring is relatively portable, relatively inexpensive, simple to apply and can record over 24 hours of data in a single session. Therefore, this non-invasive method for assessing regional brain activity overcomes the prohibitive restrictions of other neuroimaging systems and has the additional advantages of multi-hour recordings and ambulatory monitoring.

This study is using NIRS technology to examine PFC activity in experimental volunteers participating in chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and acute sleep deprivation (ASD) protocols. NIRS monitoring during these protocols will allow the investigators to address their specific aims:
1) To test the hypothesis that hemodynamic responses in the PFC to the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) will exhibit a circadian rhythm.
2) To test the hypothesis that hemodynamic responses in the PFC to the PVT will be reduced during CSR.
3) To test the hypothesis that hemodynamic fluctuations in the PFC associated with delta wave sleep activity will increase in frequency following a 30-hour ASD.

Short Title: Epigenome in twin astronauts

Responsible HRP Element: Human Health Countermeasures

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

Create a web-based framework for integrating non-coding genomic variation and differential epigenetic states. This EpiSuite interface and set of machine-learning algorithms will help ongoing work with the NASA Twins study and aid future investigations that leverage multi-omics data sets from astronauts. These data will also be linked to gene expression data to gauge the impact of genetic

and epigenetic changes on specific biological networks.

Validate the altered chromatin states in cells from space travel and measure the proportion of cells changed with single-cell ATAC-seq using an assay called single cell (scATAC-seq), which can measure the sites of open and closed chromatin on a cell-by-cell basis. This will validate the sites where epigenetic changes are observed and also provide the first estimate of the proportion of

cells epigenetically impacted by space travel.

Short Title: Light Pulse CM

Responsible HRP Element: Human Factors and Behavioral Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

 SA1) test the hypotheses that deployment of the Dynamic Lighting Schedule using high color temperature intermittent light; (1) will significantly increase the rate of circadian adaptation per minute of light exposure, as measured using Dim Light Melatonin Onset before and after the shift, and (2) will significantly improve cognitive performance, subjective alertness and objective EEG correlates of alertness (suppression of EEG-derived delta-theta activity [0.5-5.5 Hz]) and enhancement of EEG-derived high-alpha activity [10.5-12 Hz]) per minute of light exposure as compared to continuous light during the most efficient schedule (gradual or acute shift of the sleep-wake cycle) determined by a separately funded NSBRI research grant.

SA2) amend their mathematical model of the effects of light on the human circadian pacemaker and the linked model of the effects of length of time awake and circadian phase on performance and alertness to include results using the new ISS lighting: circadian phase-shifting, wavelength-specific, and direct alerting effects.

Short Title: ISS Dynamic Lighting

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:
The current proposal will study how the new lights installed aboard the ISS would be used operationally to address the problems associated with a slam shift, which is a common requirement during ISS operations, in a high-fidelity simulation of the ISS lighting environment, sleep patterns, and work schedule. The study will provide the data necessary to inform the operational guidelines for in-flight testing of the new light source.

Short Title: Sleep Workshop

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
The goal of the workshop will be to pull together the evidence to support: 1) elevation of the Sleep risk posture from green to yellow; 2) inclusion of health outcomes in the Sleep risk title which currently focuses solely on performance); and 3) future collaborations between different disciplines.

The BHP Element is partnering with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) to conduct this workshop.  In addition, BHP plans to collaborate with the Human Health Countermeasures (HHC), Space Human Factors and Habitability (SHFH), and Space Radiation (SR) Elements.

Short Title: SSLM

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1) Build a simulation of the ISS Crew Quarters with both internal and external illumination provided by SSLMs.

2) Run three-day studies with a single volunteer each, collecting data on visual sensitivity, melatonin secretion, subjective alertness, objective alertness, neurobehavioral responses and polysomnography.

3) Analyze the data and write a project report with recommendations based on the pilot study results.

Short Title: Blue Light Alertness

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
The aim is to study the efficacy of blue-enriched polychromatic solid-state light for acutely enhancing alertness and cognitive performance in healthy men and women.

Short Title: Light CM Timing and Intensity

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1. Compare the melatonin suppression, phase resetting and alerting effects of exposure to dim 460 nm and 555 nm monochromatic light exposures at night, and compare these data to previously collected findings for bright light exposure at night using the same protocol.
2. Test the effects of exposure to bright 460 nm and 555 nm monochromatic light during the daytime.
3. Test the effects of exposure to dim 460 nm and 555 nm monochromatic light during the daytime.

Short Title: Blue versus White Light

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1. Test the hypothesis that exposure to ambient polychromatic short wavelength light from fluorescent lamps will be more effective than exposure to an equal illuminance of ambient polychromatic white light from standard fluorescent lamps in shifting the circadian rhythms of test subjects, as measured by dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), in response to both a gradual 8-hour advance and to an abrupt shift of their sleep-wake schedule.

2. Test the hypothesis that alertness and neurobehavioral performance in dim light on a constant routine during times at which crew members should be awake on the simulated mission will be significantly greater following 4-5 days of exposure to ambient polychromatic green light vs. ambient white light of equal illuminance, due to more effective circadian entrainment.

3. Test the hypothesis that alertness and neurobehavioral performance will be significantly better on the first night of exposure to ambient polychromatic short wavelength light vs. ambient white light of equal illuminance, prior to the induced circadian phase shifts, due to the immediate alerting effects of exposure to ambient polychromatic short wavelength light.

4. Test the hypothesis that sleep efficiency and total sleep time will be significantly increased and latency to persistent sleep and wake time after sleep onset will be significantly decreased during the sleep episode following 4-5 days of exposure to ambient polychromatic green light vs. ambient white light of equal illuminance, due to more effective circadian entrainment.

Short Title: Optimizing Light

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1. Assess the ocular safety of light exposure from LEDs at intensity levels higher than those currently specified for visual stimulation in space habitats.

2. Determine the acute neuroendocrine, alerting, and performance enhancing potency of the ambient extraterrestrial light as filtered through spacesuit visors or glazed windows for Moon and Mars missions. Test the hypothesis that ambient lunar and Martian light, as filtered through spacesuit visors, will suppress melatonin less and will be weaker for enhancing alertness and performance compared to ambient daylight on Earth.

Short Title: Replacement Lighting

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Transition lighting requirements to the ISS.

Short Title: RCS-105 Photic CM

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

The success of long-duration missions depends on the ability of the crew to be alert and maintain high levels of cognitive function while operating complex, technical equipment. Optimal human health, performance and safety during spaceflight requires sufficient sleep and synchrony between the circadian pacemaker which regulates the timing of sleep, endocrine function, alertness and performance and the timing of the imposed sleep-wake schedule.

Crew members of the 105-day experiment will be required to work one night shift every fifth night. This schedule will likely result in sleep loss and circadian misalignment, especially when lighting conditions are similar to those experienced during spaceflight. Mission controllers will work 24-hour shifts, also resulting in both sleep loss and circadian misalignment. It has been well documented in laboratory and field studies that both working the night shift and working extended-duration shifts result in negative effects on alertness, performance and mood.

This study will validate the efficacy and operational feasibility of a lighting countermeasure to improve alertness and performance during night-shift work occurring during long-duration space missions.

Specific Aims

1. Evaluate the feasibility of monitoring sleep and circadian neuroendocrine rhythms during the 105-day experiment.

2. Test the hypothesis that sleep, alertness, performance and mood will be impaired during acute circadian misalignment associated with night-shift work operations.

3. Test the hypothesis that alertness, performance and mood of crew members exposed to shorter wavelength light (between 485 to 525 nm) during the night shift in the console monitoring room will be significantly better than when those same crew members are exposed to intermediate (545 to 555 nm) or longer (620 to 690 nm) wavelength light during the night shift.

4. Test the hypothesis that the alertness, performance and mood of the external mission controllers will be impaired during the final third of their extended-duration, 24-hour work shift as compared with the first third of that same work shift.

5. Test the hypothesis that the alertness, performance and mood of external missions controllers exposed to shorter wavelength light during the final third of their extended-duration work shift will be significantly better than when those same crew members are exposed to intermediate or longer wavelength light during the night shift.

Throughout the 105-day experiment, a variety of measurements will be obtained to assess sleep, performance, alignment of the circadian system, and melatonin levels. If a lighting countermeasure proves effective, it could negate or reduce the need for pharmaceutical interventions, with potentially lingering side effects, during long missions. A lighting countermeasure could also be beneficial in other unusual non-24 hour lighting cycles and may negate the effects of fatigue on work performance.

Short Title: Circadian Disruption

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

SPECIFIC AIM I: Using rhythms of gene expression reported by a luciferase transgene, we will identify the signals linking brain and peripheral oscillators.

SPECIFIC AIM II: We will evaluate potential countermeasures by exposing our experimental animals to conditions that disrupt the normal circadian phase map and then determining if the potential countermeasures are able to restore it rapidly.

SPECIFIC AIM III: Investigate the effects of chronic low dose methamphetamine in synchronizing disrupted rhythms and evaluate related drugs as potential countermeasures.

Short Title: Low Spectrum Light Safety Effects

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Evaluate evidence regarding long term exposure to low spectrum light

Short Title: FMC

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
The aim of the investigation is to assess a Comprehensive Police Fatigue Management Program for flight mission controllers. The goals of this program are to reduce the adverse consequences of fatigue on the mission controllers’ alertness, performance, health, and safety. The overall goals include developing an online education training module & an efficient sleep disorders screening, as well as evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and efficacy of a shorter wavelength photic countermeasure and an exercise protocol, during operational night shifts. The results will inform work-hour policies and guidelines that can be implemented to improve the alertness, performance, health, and safety of mission controllers.

This task has been conducted collaboratively with the Mission Operations Directorate.

Short Title: Individualized Meds Protocols

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1.  Test the feasibility of a protocol to use with astronauts and other NASA personnel (e.g., flight surgeons, flight directors and flight controllers)

2.  Assess potential carry over effects from sleep medications used during spaceflight operations (including overseas training periods), and following an abrupt awakening from sleep.

Short Title: Sleep Meds Phase II

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:

1) Characterize the effects of the most commonly used sleep medications and dosages on performance after an unplanned awakening

2) Provide the foundation for future development of individualized protocols for sleep medication use during training and on-orbit.

Short Title: Pharm DB

Responsible HRP Element: Human Health Countermeasures

Collaborating Org(s):

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Directed

Aims:
Fundamental information about each medication in the ISS medical kit will be collected into a single database for use by Pharmacology Discipline researchers. Information will be collected from terrestrial sources, like the medical literature, and FDA and USP drug monographs. Additional, manufacturers of the medications in the ISS medication kits will be asked to share unpublished information on the useful lifespans of their products and their degradation products. Deliverables: This information will permit Pharmacology Discipline researchers to quickly search for any drug-related information requested by Space Medicine or other Disciplines, as well to enable predictions of likely side effects, or polypharmacy issues, or other potential barriers to effective treatment. It may also reduce the need for redundant medication stability studies.

Short Title: Workload Meta-Analysis

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)

Funding Status: Completed - Task completed and produced a deliverable

Procurement Mechanism(s):

Solicited

Aims:

1. Conduct a Literature Review and Meta-Analysis to identify the parameters that impact operator performance for long-duration mission operations by using formal meta-analysis methods. In the meta-analysis include workload issues that span the spectrum of micro- to macro-levels of analysis and how workload builds from discrete task performance into long-duration task performance. Also consider the relationship between workload and circadian rhythm that arise when workload extends beyond discrete tasks.
2. Develop a model-based tool to predict astronaut performance in long-duration missions.
3. Empirically validate the model-based tool to address major gaps in the meta-analysis.

Risk Mitigation/Partial Mitigation:

This research will partially mitigate the Risk of Inadequate Critical Task Design by addressing concerns about performance decrements in a long duration mission environment caused by astronauts experiencing fatigue and poor sleep.

Short Title: CPSS Modeling Harvard

Responsible HRP Element: Behavioral Health and Performance

Collaborating Org(s):

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)